Slide-rule.



G. w. RICHARDSON.

SLIDE RULE. APPLICATION IILE) AUG. 2B, 1909.

v Patented Jan 31, 1911.

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UNITED STATESv l?A'lll3l\l'I`v OFFICE.

carolienl w. RICHARDSON, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SLIDE-RULE.

Specication of Letters Patent. Patented J 3,11. 31, 1911.

Application l111ml August 26, 1909. Serial No. 514,834.

To all 'whom' 'it may concern:

Be it known that L-Gnonsn W. Rrormnn- I VRule, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the construction of slide rulesthat the cost of production may be reduced to a mini- -thc market today.

mum, thereby permitting a slide rule to be placed upon the market forabout one third the price prevailing at present.

Another object is to so construct a slide rule that while it retains-allthe valuable features ot' the well known Mannheim rules it will in`addition be to a great extent di- Y years.

These objects I attain in the manner hereinafter set forth, and finallypointed out in the claims, reference being had to thel ac# companyingdrawings, in which-f Fi ure 1 is a plan view showing keys and key holesaccording to my invention,

'and provided also with` the usual. scales. Fig. 2 isa similar viewexcept the slide is shown drawn part way out, that, the keys on thelatter may be observed. Fig. 3 is a similar View to the two precedingones showing-the slide drawn out to the right that the. other set ofkeysV on the slide may be shown. Fig. 4 is a plan viewof the face of theslide entirely removed, so as to show -the keys according to myinvention, and pro' vided also with the -usual scales. Fig. 5' is -anisometric view showing the formaccording to my invention, of the stockof the ru1e which is-made of aluminum in one piece, and rovided withchannels, or grooves for holding the upper and lower logarithmicalasproviding an additionall scales, 'as wel wider channel for the slide tomove therein. Fig. 6 is a similar view toFig. 5 except the upper andlower logarithmical scales are shown assembled in the grooves. Also-theabove mentioned key hole is shown to advantage in this View. Fig. 7` isa similar viewlto the two preceding ones, but illus trates the runnerassembled in place 'and free to slide lengthwise over the face of thestock. Fig. 8 is an isometric perspective view of the runner, showingthe curved form of the under side of the runner which, being made ofaluminum or other elastic Iiiaterial acts as a sliding shoe upon theunder side of channel piece, thereby 4permitting of the alinement of therunner to any selected place. The shaded surface with the hair linedrawn across the same represents a piece of transparent material mountedupon the runner to facilitate the reading from the upper to the lowerscales or vice versa. Fig. 9 represents a modified form ofconstruction-according to my invention,'of the stock ofthe rule. In thismodified form of construction the stock differs from. the preferrcd form(i. c. scales bearing members assembled in grooves) in that the grooves,and the channels are dispensed with, yet at the Sametime the overlappingscale bearing members, with the key holes are made part of the stock allin one piece. In case this modified form of construction is found tol bepreferable the logarithmical scales will be secured tothe overlappingmembers of the stock. In order to strengthen this member and render itmore rigid, the underside of the stock is provided'with corrugations, orintegral reinforcing flanges 30, and 30'.

Similar reference numerals refer. to the similar parts in the severalfigures. 1Asstated before the stock of my slide rule is made ofmetal,and therefore is not subject to the stickingof the slide 15, dueto changes in atmosphere conditions. feature alone should commendther-ule to 4persons who have had their patience vtaxed my slide ruleaccording to my invention. It-

consists of a sta-mpln made in one piece of metal (preferable oaluminum) the cross piece 10 the under side of which is adapted for Thislos

mitting the two fixed scale bearin members C and D scales, consequentlyI have markedI 14, and 14a the latter of which is held in .place (orrather secured in the channel or grooves) by means of s mall,prick-punchmarks 23, 23, 23, etc., on the aluminum margins 12", 12e,the latter of which `protrude through the aluminum and onto the scalebearing members 14, 14".- In addition to the two last named grooves 12,and 12A it will be noted that there is another depression 12d formingthe cross piece 10, also permits of a wide channel or groove for theslide l5 to freely move therein, see Figs. 5,6, and .7. The fixed scalebearingmembers 14, 14a are made preferably of opaque celluloid withwhite, or ivory nish with the logarithmic scales printed or engravedthereon. In fact the scales can be printed on paper and covered withtransparent celluloid and then glued to the scale bearing members 14,14, or the scale bearing members can Abe made of steel with the scalesengraved or stamped thereon, and finally assembled in the grooves 12,12a.

The distinguishing feature in the construction according to my inventionis in making the stock out of aluminum (or other suitable metal) in theform shown in Figp or the modified form as in Fig. 9. This form permitsof a very wide slide 15. This enables me to print reference keysthereon, besides permits of the overlapping scale bearing members 14,14a and the f key holes 16 and 17 punched in the latter as shown inFigs. 1, 2,- 3, and 6.

,In Fig. 4 is shown a face, or plan view of. .the slide 15. It consistsof. a -strip of cellu' loid with the usual logarithmical scales printedthereon, and in addition to the latter there are rinted thereon keys (i.e ,'ehar acters used in connection with the printed matter upon the backof the rule or cross piece 10) 18, 19, 20, 22,

igs. 1, 2, 3', andin detail in Fig. 4. These keys will be printed in redink thereby facilitating the selection of them from. the many otherlines and markings that go to make-up a slide rule.

To facilitate accurate placing of keys the latter are provided withvertical intersecting guide lines, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, andadjacent the openin s 16, and 17 are index marks 16al and 17 Figs. 1, 2,3, 6 and with which the said key guide lines w ll register' when therule is properly set for that particular key.

It is universall known that the two upper scales are called the lA andvB scales, while the two lower ones are known. as the them as such in theseveral views.

The following are a few of the many to the printed matter upon the backof the problems made direct reading, but by no means 'the only ones, asthe keys selected does not limit the capacity of the rule, and keys maybe printed on the reverse side of the slide 15, or additional slidesmaynv be used with keys for the solution of any problem.

The following are a few of the many problems made direct reading l bythe keys used in con]unct1on with the key lioles punched in the scalebearing members 14, 14h. an explanation of which will be more fullydescribed hereinafter and finally pointed out in the claims. 4

Problem required. fse: gxgxfer Gallons D S Cubic inches C Gallons D JGubicfeet C Gallons D C Weight/water C Head in feet (water) A c I; Lbs.,per sq. inch A B Cubic inches C 0 Cubic feet. D circumference of a.circle A. j Diameter of a circle B Area of s. circle A. Q G- I Diameterof a circle C Side of a square C i Diagonal of a square D Meters A QInches B Kilo-watts C e Horsepower D B.T. U. per minute A m Horsepower.Y B

Evaporation im. and at, lbs. per hr B P Standard boiler horsepower ADirect radiation B G Squarejoot of grate. A Diameter otsafety valve C dSquare it. grate. A Any'number A E Square root 4,D Sq. ft. of radiationl2` G Diameter of steam main... (1

Stroke in inches x r. p. m A p Piston speed It. per n iin B Dz x M E. P.x it. per min B R Horsepower. A yVel. x ares. x head, all ln feet B SHorsepower of water fall A Cubic ft. of air per min. (vel. assumed t0b540f B S Area. of duct iisq.ft A

Reverting now, for an illustration, to' the second -mentioned problemviz :-Itequired to-Iind the number of U. S. gallons. there are contained-in 38 cubic feet? By referring rule (a facsimile of which isrepresented in above table) it will be noted for a' problem of tliischaracter, found under the head of Problems the gallons will be foundyon the lower, or D scale, while the cubic feet.,`

will be given adjacent thereto on the C scale. In the column under theheading o n said slide'ad pted to'register with said `in any setposition, yet at theA time permits The runner ,24 'window frame openingas at 29, in which is 35v -to be secured by Letters Patent is set ofsheet materiah Vmembers provided with sight openings,

`vided,.with a longitudinal of Keys you will sec that the proper key touse is the letter J. Therefore to perform the operation proceed asfollows .f-

Draw out the movable slide 15 to the left, until the key J appears inthe keyhole 16 as shown in Fig. 2. at 20. Then observe on the C scaleadjacent to' 36 cubic feet the answer 270 gallons. on the l) scale asindicated by the arrow heads. Likewise let it bc required to find thediagonal of an equal square of 3.8 inch-cs. Under the heading ofProblians it will be noted the proper scales to use are the C and l)scales same before 4and the proper key is f. Consequently place the keyf in the key hole 17 as at 22 Fig. 3 and adjacent to 3.8 incheson the Cscale read the answer 5.4. inches nearly on the l) scale, as indicatedby the i scale bearing strips arrow heads in Fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is an isometric view of the runner 24 which is free to ruir orslide over the face of thescales and upon the margins 12b and 12", theends'of the runner 24V is bent over and around the corners of the stockof the rule, and by a graceful curve 28 forms a spring action permittingof tension upon the under side of stock rounding edge 27. yThis tensionof the spring action at 28 against the surface 12c provides a means ofholding the runner 24 the runner to move operatively as desired.

is provided with a small placed a piece o some transparent material 25witha hair line marked or scratched at right angles to the shortest sideas at 26.

Having'described this invention in connection with illustrativeembodiments thereof, to the details of which disclosure the invention isnot, of course, to be limited, what is claimed as new and what isdesiredv forth in the appended claims. .l j 1. A slide rule, comprisinfra stock formed parallelI scale bearing turnedA margins onthe stockadapted to engage said members, and a slide having characters adapted toregister 'successively with the sight openings.v y Y 2. A slide rulecomprising a stock-formed at l2l by the shoe 4ranged in said channe,

sheet materiahturned edges on the stock, a plurality of scale bearingmembers fixed on said stocky andsecuredl by the turned marginsunderlying said strip.

3. A slide' rule comprisin 'astock proe'pression, and having portionsoverhanging said depresf sion-and furnished with openings, a slideaf'rangedin said depression, and characters openings.

Ll. A sl ide rule, comprising a stock formed sheet material, scalebearing strips aronsaid stock and hav'ng their adjacent margins spacedfrom each other and from the stock, and a slide having its edgesunderlying said strips. j In a slide rule, the combination of a sheetmetal stock, turned edges on said stock, engaged by said turned edgesand provided with sight openings, a slide arranged below said strips andcharacters on said slideadapted to register with said' openings. Y.

6. ln a slide rule, lthe combination of a stock formed of sheet on thestock, Ascale bearing strips engaged by said turned edves and providedwith sight openings, a sllde arranged below said strips, and characterson said slide adapted' to register with said openings.

. 7. In a slide rule, the combination withaJ stock, turned margins onthe stock, scales engagedbysaid turned margins and provided with sightopenings, and a slide having characters coperating with the saidopenings. y

8. In a slide rule, a stockformed of sheet metal and having alongitudinal channel, grooves formed by the turned margins of saidstock, scales engaging said grooves and provided with sight o enings, aslide arand characters on .the slide adapted to registerwith said pen-1n s.

In a slide rule, a stock 'formed of a single piece of sheet metal andhavina longitudinal channel, grooves formed y the` turned margins of thestock, scales en aging said grooves andoverhanging said c annel andprovided with sight 4penlngs, a slide` 'arranged in said channel beneaththe over` ot' l ranged parallel hanging scales, and characters on theslide4 adapted to register with said openings.

10. In a slide rule, consisting of a main piece, or stock, formed in onepiece out of sheet aluminum, with two channels or grooves adapted toreceive and hold secure two- Celluloid strips by means of prick punchmarks, .said prick punch marks to protrude through tho turned margin ofthe aluminum l andY onto the celluloid, the two strips ofcelluloid'having printed or engraved u on 'their' faces the usual logarithmicalsca es,

and key holes punched in said'scales at, each end, a slidemadeqpreferably of celluloid with the usual logarithmical scales printedor engraved thereon, and additional keys printed above `and belowtherloga rithmic scale, the said slide with the logarlthmical scale `andthe' keys operatively conr nected and free 'to move-beneath 4the twooverlapping scale bearing members, the keys'being located'on the slide1n such a position that they will be observed or made stock, forreceiving visible through tl1e-key hole as the said slide is' pulled outto the left', orfthe right.

11. In a slide rule, consistin of a stock made in one piece (preferablyo aluminum) with grooves in the turned edges of said and holdingn.secure seale bearing members', and an additional depresv sionwfor theacceptance of aslide, the said 'the turned edges formed by the operationof to form the grooves, perbe assembled to work stock being so mits of arunnerG to freely the said runner being Imade of sheet alum1 num orother elastic metal has spring formed over the, saidformed grooveeasing,

esame E curved edges Working against the under side v15 of the channel'orgrooved casing all substantially as set ,/forth.

